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关键词： Cells   Peptides and proteins   Extracellular matrix   Cell physiology   Receptors  

摘要： Synthetic 3D extracellular matrices (ECMs) find application in cell studies, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. While cells cultured in a monolayer may exhibit unnatural behavior and develop very different phenotypes and genotypes than in vivo, great efforts in materials chemistry have been devoted to reproducing in vitro behavior in in vivo cell microenvironments. This requires fine-tuning the biochemical and structural actors in synthetic ECMs. This review will present the fundamentals of the ECM, cover the chemical and structural features of the scaffolds used to generate ECM mimics, discuss the nature of the signaling biomolecules required and exploited to generate bioresponsive cell microenvironments able to induce a specific cell fate, and highlight the synthetic strategies involved in creating functional 3D ECM mimics.

关键词： materials science aspects   nuclear wastes   solid solutions  

摘要： The safe management of high-level nuclear wastes, including their final disposal in a deep geological repository, requires a sound scientific understanding of the processes affecting the various materials present in the multibarrier system of the disposal facility, including the radioactive waste forms. Thus materials science aspects play an important role in the multidisciplinary and complex field of long-term safety assessments. As many of these issues are related to mixed solid compounds, the aspect of structural radionuclide uptake by a host structure and subsequent solid solution formation is one of the key topics of the research related to nuclear waste management at Forschungszentrum Julich. The adopted practice for deriving an in-depth understanding of materials behavior by combining state-of-the-art experimental and computational approaches is presented in the context of three examples: 1) corrosion of spent nuclear fuels, 2) radionuclide retention by secondary phases, and 3) innovative ceramic waste forms. New nano- and microanalytical tools, as well as advanced spectroscopic techniques and computational methods, further developed and tailored at Forschungszentrum Julich, allowed for refined views on these materials.

关键词： structure   order   dynamics   density functional theory (DFT)   magic-angle spinning   dipolar interactions   biomaterials   glasses   minerals   polymers  

摘要： The review articles illustrate how one- and two-dimensional MAS NMR experimentation may be used for studying various polymeric systems, such as polyaniline [2], assemblies of borane-phosphane frustrated Lewis pairs [3], as well as borophosphate glasses [4]. [...]Lim and Kim [5] present an investigation of the thermal properties of the hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)2CoBr4, along with a MAS NMR probing of the bearings on the 1H and 13C relaxation properties (NMR-signal damping) from the paramagnetic Co2+ centers; the results were contrasted with those reported earlier from an analogous complex involving the diamagnetic Cd2+ ion [5]. A progressively exploited area over the past two decades concerns the use of density functional theory (DFT) to calculate NMR parameters. Besides the fact that DFT-derived data greatly assist NMR-peak assignments, they are valuable for deepening the insight into which structural factors that primarily affect the NMR observables, as well as for rationalizing structure–property relationships. [4] review the utilization of such dipolar-based NMR techniques in the context of borophosphate glasses. [...]another research avenue of solid-state NMR concerns the development of new rf-pulse sequences for extracting structural information, such as NMR parameters that reflect the local structure, as well as distance/proximity information provided by the dipolar interactions.

关键词： 应用型人才培养   材料化学专业   实践教学  

摘要： 材料化学归属于材料科学与工程学科,基于高校应用型人才培养背景下,材料化学专业实践教学改革也显得更加紧迫。实践教学体系能够有效提升应用型人才培养实效,能够提升大学生理论联系实践的能力,高校在构建材料化学专业实践教学改革要从教学模式以及教学内容两方面入手。本文就基于应用型人才培养视角下对材料化学专业实践教学改革进行几点讨论。

关键词： 五位一体   人才培养模式   协同教育   产-联-研-赛-训创新创业  

摘要： 为适应国家和地方经济发展对化学化工类"双创"人才的需要,应在理工科院校实施PCRRT五位一体的人才培养模式。该模式就是产学合作,校企协同,企业参与材料化学专业人才培养全过程;政府为化工类专业人才培养提供政策和经费支持,实现高校、政府和企业协同育人的多元联合;以研促教,以教带研,加强转化,实现研教融合;通过层次化和模块化的实践实训,强训提能,注重综合实践、加强职业技能培训;兴赛促学,促练促创。参与协同教育的各方平等合作、互惠互利、优势互补,政府、高校和企业共同培养满足地方经济发展需要的应用型人才。

关键词： 农林院校   材料化学专业   综合教学改革  

摘要： 以甘肃农业大学材料化学专业为例,对农林院校材料化学专业的综合教学改革现状进行分析,探讨农林院校材料化学专业课程体系和专业特色建设情况.针对材料化学专业特点,提出以化学理论为基础,材料为专业方向,结合农科优势,凸显特色的材料化学专业综合教学改革为目标,对进一步促进高校学科间的聚力、融合、创新具有积极的推动作用.

关键词： 地方院校   新工科   材料化学专业   人才培养   探索  

摘要： 相对于传统的工科人才,新工科以新兴产业和新经济为背景,需要的是工程实践能力强、创新能力强、具备国际竞争力的高素质复合型人才。本文从当前社会发展对应用型人才的需求出发,首先对湖南人文科技学院材料化学专业的专业定位、历史沿革和特色优势进行了简要介绍,然后对深化专业综合改革、加强师资队伍和基层教学组织建设、加强专业教学质量保障体系建设等方面的主要举措和成效进行了探索实践,期望为其他地方院校开展应用型人才培养改革提供参考。

关键词： 钢铁材料   化学分析   数据误差的因素  

摘要： 在我国的生产过程中已经广泛的应用化学分析技术,化学分析技术在质量的管理过程中更是备受人们的普遍运用和推广。为了能够实现化学分析和质量检验控制质量的有效提升就需要规范操作的流程,对化学分析检测进行严格的控制,充分的利用现代化的技术,促进我国化学分析技术的进一步发展。本文基于钢铁材料化学分析中数据误差的因素展开论述。

关键词： 新冠肺炎   线上教学   地方普通高校   化学专业  

摘要： 2020新年伊始,新冠肺炎突然来袭,为了防止聚集性感染,教育部提出了“停课不停教、停课不停学”的要求。地方普通高校学生的自律性、自觉性及能动性差别十分明显,这样的学情对如何有效开展化学专业的线上教学工作提出了更大的挑战。本文以材料化学课程线上教学为例,介绍地方普通高校化学专业线上教学工作的开展情况。针对教学过程中遇到的各种问题和采用的应对方案,探讨线上教学过程中的注意事项。希望本文能为地方普通高校化学专业线上教学工作提供有益的参考。

关键词： 材料化学   教学改革   教学内容   教学方式  

摘要： 材料化学是一门新兴的交叉学科,其教学内容尚未得到一致认同。围绕材料化学专业人才培养的目标,对材料化学课程的教学改革进行了一些探索,如选择合适的教材和教学内容,推动教学方式的现代化、多样化,培养学生实践能力,以及改革创新考核方式等方面。