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关键词： 业绩   中国科学院   上海   元素有机化学   物理有机化学   天然有机化学   生物有机化学   金属有机化学   有机高分子   计算机化学   高科技开发   北平研究院   应用研究   基础研究   材料化学   部门整合   中科院   组成   药物   学科  

摘要： 金色之秋,迎来了中科院上海有机所建所五十周年大庆. 有机所成立于1950年,由原中央研究院化学所、原北平研究院化学所和药物所等研究部门整合组成.五十年来,有机所主要从事天然有机化学、生物有机化学、元素有机化学、金属有机化学、物理有机化学、有机高分子材料化学和计算机化学等学科的基础研究、应用研究与高科技开发.

关键词： 化学成分   匹配   编码   材料   切削   数据库  

摘要： 介绍一种利用材料化学成分及其含量在现有材料库中寻找与之性能接近材料的新方法。

关键词： 材料管理专业   《材料化学》   教材   内容设置  

摘要： 从教材的框架结构、主要内容、参考阅读及习题设计等几个方面探讨了材料化学教材内容的设置问题 ,在突出应用、注重知识更新方面进行了大胆的探索 ,以适应当前素质教育改革的要求。

关键词： 建筑化学   生产   建筑材料   精细化工产品   现代社会   维修过程   居住条件   居住空间   建筑环境   基础   化学工业   房屋建造   材料化学   现代化   中单   学科   水泥   舒适   石灰   石膏  

摘要： 　　优美的建筑环境,舒适的居住空间是现代社会居家乐业的基础.在房屋建造及维修过程中单纯地使用传统的建筑材料,例如水泥,石灰,石膏和砂子等已经远远不能满足现代化社会对居住条件的要求.随着化学工业,特别是精细化工产品的不断更新换代,在传统的建筑材料化学和现代精细化工产品的基础上诞生出一门新兴的学科-建筑化学(Construction Chemistry).……

关键词： 材料科学   高科技   材料化学   材料物理   二级学科  

摘要： 材料科学是一门新兴学科,它和信息科学、生命科学等被称为当代高新技术取得突破和发展的支柱。一、材料科学在高科技发展总战略中的地位和作用在人类历史的长河中,某一特定材料的使用,往往是某一特定历史时代划分的标志,如石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代等。只有当人类使用了强度更高、性能更好的新材料,人类文明才能得以长足发展。

关键词： .main-chain   absorption spectra   TTF derivatives   TTFs   conductors   UV±Vis  

摘要： Not only a component of molecular conductors! Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and its derivatives are versatile building blocks in many areas of materials chemistry. This article reviews the current role of substituted TTFs in cation sensors, liquid crystals, intramolecular charge-transfer and nonlinear optical materials, supramolecular switches and devices, and redox polymers (main-chain, side-chain and dendritic systems).

关键词： perovskite   thin film   oxygen sensor   SrFeO2.5+x   SrFeO3  

摘要： The advantages of applying non-stoichiometric perovskite materials in chemical sensor applications are reviewed and highlighted with particular reference to the SrFeO2.5+x system. The phase relationships of SrFeO2.5+x for (0 (x < 0.5) are described and differences identified with the substituted material, SrFe0.9Cu0.1O2.5+x, such that the prospect of 'tunable' chemical and physical properties is identified. Thin-films of the parent perovskite have been prepared by the pulsed laser deposition technique and gas sensor functionality determined by exploiting the effects of gas exposure upon a number of physical properties. There is a large change in the electrical conductivity of SrFeO2.5+x thin-films when exposed to variations in oxygen partial pressure over a wide temperature range as shown in this and previous work. These changes are rapid and reversible at the temperature of the present work at 763 K. The chemical sensing properties of the subject perovskite are compared to two other perovskite materials. Many of the perovskite family of materials in the form of thin-films are well-suited to integration into microsensor devices on various substrate platforms. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

关键词： dithiazolyl radicals   molecular conductors   molecular magnets  

摘要： Synthetic routes to benzo-fused 1,2,3- and 1,3,2-dithiazolylium salts are described. Their chemical stabilities and physical properties, especially their redox behaviour, are discussed. One electron reduction yields the corresponding benzo fused 1,2,3- and 1,3,2-dithiazolyl radicals. The electronic properties of the dithiazolyl ring are compared with a series of isoelectronic sulphur-nitrogen rings including dithiadiazolyl and trithiadiazolylium radicals. The ability to tune the redox behaviour of the dithiazolyl ring by changing the substituents, coupled with the lower dimerisation energy afforded by delocalisation of the unpaired electron makes these molecules attractive building blocks for the construction of molecular conductors and magnets. Recent results in this area are summarised. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

关键词： 高水材料硬化体   化学稳定性   碳化  

摘要： 该论文主要研究了高水速凝材料硬化体的化学稳定性.通过对高水材料原料的化学分析、实验室试验、对硬化体内部物质的化学反应进行的热力学及对硬化体内部物质进行的仪器测试等手段,从速凝材料硬化体内部物质的化学反应、结构变化等方面入手,对高水材料硬化体的抗碳化性、热稳定性及耐腐蚀性三个方面的内容进行了研究,提出了高水速凝材料的碳化反应机理及稳定存在的温度范围以及其它一些规律和结论,为高水速凝材料的使用环境提供依据,为改善高不材料的化学稳定性提供指导.对高水速凝材料化学稳定性的研究将成为高水材料理论的一个重要组成部分.

关键词： Radioisotopes  

摘要： Recently a Peer Review Committee established by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission issued its report on VICTORIA, a detailed mechanistic computer code that addresses the release of fission products from degraded reactor fuel and the ex-core behavior of the released material. The present paper summarizes the findings of the report relevant to the materials-chemistry aspects of the code that apply chiefly to the high-temperature, steam-hydrogen environment of the degrading fuel and cladding. In addition to reviewing the theoretical foundation of the mechanisms used in the code, the assessment utilizes the 'test problem' technique. In this method, the code (or its methods) are applied to very simple fuel and cladding systems with variations of input conditions, code flags, and material properties. The output is judged against expected behavior for each change. The topics treated include the thermochemical database, the code's method of treating interphase equilibria, the model of fission product release, and the treatment of cladding oxidation and hydrogen production. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.