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关键词： 化学专业   基地建设   教学人才培养   基础科学研究   实验操作技能   理科基础   仪器分析   人才培养基地   材料化学   四大基础  

摘要： 厦门大学化学系化学专业“国家理科基础科学研究与教学人才培养基地”是国家教委1991年7月首批批准的。 三年来,我校围绕着如何建设好该基地做了一些工作。工作的重点主要围绕着如何对基地班学生强化基础理论与实验操作技能的培养训练和基地实验室建设两个方面展开的。现根据国家教委高教司(1994)122号文件精神,在基地点申报时自定的“改革和重点建设要点与措施”的基础上,结合“高等学校化学专业本科(四年制)基本培养规格和教学基本要求”的精神,对前一段基地建设工作做一回顾和小结。

关键词： MATERIAL CHEMISTRY   ADVANCED NITRIDE CERAMICS   PHASE EQUILIBRIUM RELATIONSHIPS   REACTION KINETICS   SIALON FORMATION  

摘要： In this paper, the role of material chemistry for the synthesis and processing of advanced materials is addressed. Advanced nitride materials, essentially those that may be generated within the complex Si-Al-Y-N-O system have been chosen to illustrate the two issues that material chemistry studies are important. These are: (1) the phase compositional design of materials guided by a detailed knowledge of the phase relationships of these complex systems;and (2) the kinetics related with the processing of silicon nitride solid solution - Sialon composites and its influence on microstructure development. It is aimed to explore the potential of these material chemistry approaches by some examples studied in this Lab. It is also relevant to note that significant advancements can be expected through close collaboration between chemists, physicists, and materials scientists and that is what is called for in the Age of Materials.

关键词： Light water reactors  

摘要： Several consequences of steam starvation of the gas filling the internals of the core of a light-water reactor in the fuel-uncovery phase of a severe accident up to cladding melting are analysed. Emphasis is placed on processes that occur in the H-2-rich gas external to the fuel rod cladding;absorption of oxygen and hydrogen by the cladding;the composition and flow rates of gas in the fuel-cladding gap;and the response of the fuel to these conditions. The transport processes and chemical reactions in the cladding, and the fuel controlled by the behavior of the gas in the gap are modeled for a simple temperature transient characteristic of a severe fuel damage accident in a light-water reactor. Cladding burst is assumed to occur at 1273 K at the midplane elevation of the fuel rod, permitting the gas in the gap to come into contact with that external to the fuel rod. The results of the analysis include the following. Steam ingress is restricted to a few centimeters from the failure site by the gettering action of the metal-water reaction on the cladding inner wall. Hydrogen moves axially into the gap only a few times further than steam by diffusion in the Xe-He mixture. The chief process restricting H-2 ingress is the backflow resulting from thermal expansion of the gas in the fuel rod as the temperature rises. When the protective ZrO2 scale on the outer surface of the cladding disappears by dissolution in the metal, hydrogen permeation through the cladding wall rapidly replaces the inert gas in the gap with H-2. Hydrogen uptake by the cladding draws gas into the core region from the upper plenum and augments the heat release by the metal-water reaction. Exposure of the fuel to this H-2-rich gas results in minor fuel reduction and accompanying cladding oxidation.

关键词： 电镀金   环境工程   副校长   废水治理   化学专业   纺织工学院   广东梅县   环境化学   航空工业   材料化学  

摘要： 黎松强教授 汉族,男,1937年12月21日生于广东梅县,1962年8月毕业于北京师范大学化学系五年制化学专业.现任本校分管教学副校长,环境工程与监测专业教授.他先后在西安航空工业专科学校、西安纺织工学院任教,从事航空电器元件新材料化学镀金,电镀金、银、铜、镍等贵金属和电极过程动力学、助剂化学、环境化学、环境工程、环境微生物。

关键词： 高原寒区   重离子   精度分析   国土整治   材料化学   灾害防治   学科特色   研究地域   研究工作   文献情报  

摘要： 中国科学院兰州分院是建院最早的科学分院之一。经过近40年的发展,目前在兰州、西宁两地有十个独立机构,科研工作涉及60多个学科领域、200多个专业。在学科特色上,形成了以资源环境研究为主体,以重离子核物理和材料化学研究为两翼的发展布局;在研究地域特色上,主要是面向祖国广大的西部地区,在高原寒区、干旱荒漠等地带从事资源、能源、生态、环境、国土整治、灾害防治等方面的研究工作;在科研条件和水平上,装备有先进的实验装置、电子与计算机技术。

关键词： 材料化学   高性能   材料设计   分子设计  

摘要： 材料科学与工程,是一门多学科交义的新兴学科。本文将以高性能氮化物陶瓷的组成与显微结构设计为主题,探讨材料化学的作用。高性能氮化物陶瓷是一大族材料。它们的性能、特别是高温性能引人注目。而化学热力学与动力学研究,为设计与调控这类多相材料的相组成与显微结构,以适应苛刻条件下应用的

关键词： 中国化学会   配位化学   无机合成化学   学术论文   材料化学   勉曾   洪广言   金属氢化物   发光材料   发展规划  

摘要： 中国化学会第四届无机化学讨论会于1992年9月10～14日在北戴河召开,来自全国各地的400余名化学家,包括近10名学部委员参加了这次盛会。这次会议不仅是对近年来在无机化学领域成果的检阅、也是为纪念中国化学会成立60周年和维也纳创立配位化学100周年。

摘要： Writing of A Materials Chemistry Companion to General Chemistry, a reference for teachers that correlates standard chemistry topics with particular kinds of materials and their applications; includes exercises, demonstrations, and experiments.

摘要： This paper describes work on synthesis of chiral macromolecules as part of a materials chemistry study which seeks to establish links in these systems among molecular structure, three-dimensional molecular organization, and properties. The basic materials chemistry hypothesis driving this work is that chiral forces among stereogenic centers may serve as guiding fields to organize polymers in two or three dimensions. It follows that physical properties could be directly or indirectly controlled by chirality. In order to promote strong forces among chiral centers the chains were designed to have stereogenic carbons substituted by the strongly dipolar cyano group and spaced by 16 atoms along the backbone. The preparative chemistry of chiral macromolecules is challenging given the limited number of polymerization methodologies and the inherent translational periodicity of synthetic polymers. We have synthesized here low symmetry chiral macromolecules in which the only symmetry element retained is polar translation;achiral homologues lacking the nitrile function, the configurationally disordered polymer, and dimeric model compounds were prepared as well. The compounds exhibited crystalline and liquid crystalline phases, and significant differences were observed among homologues through differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy. The substitution of nitrile groups every 16 atoms along the polymer backbone, specially with configurational disorder, leads to glassy or less ordered condensed phases. In some Polymers when the strongly dipolar stereogenic centers do not have preferred handedness, chains organize into mesophases rather than crystalline structures. This is surprising since the concentration of stereogenic centers is extremely dilute. Using dimeric model compounds, homochiral recognition among stereogenic centers with large dipole moments was identified as an important factor in the assembly of molecules into layered structures. Interestingly, catena

关键词： 材料化学   科技委  

摘要： 国家教委科学技术委员会组织的′91材料化学讨论会于91年11月12～15日在复旦大学东苑宾馆召开。会议的组委会成员有唐有祺、沈家聪、金声、林尚安、于同隐和杨玉良六位教授。参加会议的有国家教委,国家自然科学基金委,北京大学、清华大学、吉林大学、中